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Compare Paracel Islands (2002) - Moldova (2001)

Compare Paracel Islands (2002) z Moldova (2001)

 Paracel Islands (2002)Moldova (2001)
 Paracel IslandsMoldova
Administrative divisions - 10 juletule (singular - juletul), 1 municipality*, and 1 autonomous territorial unit**; Balti, Cahul, Chisinau, Chisinau*, Dubasari, Edinet, Gagauzia**, Lapusna, Orhei, Soroca, Tighina, Ungheni
Age structure - 0-14 years:
22.44% (male 506,303; female 488,311)

15-64 years:
67.62% (male 1,437,492; female 1,559,090)

65 years and over:
9.94% (male 163,473; female 276,901) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - vegetables, fruits, wine, grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, tobacco; beef, milk
Airports 1 (2001) 30 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)		 total:
7

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
23

2,438 to 3,047 m:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
14 (2000 est.)
Area total: NA sq km


land: NA sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total:
33,843 sq km

land:
33,371 sq km

water:
472 sq km
Area - comparative NA slightly larger than Maryland
Background This archipelago is surrounded by productive fishing grounds and by potential oil and gas reserves. In 1932, French Indochina annexed the islands and set up a weather station on Pattle Island; maintenance was continued by its successor, Vietnam. China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands. The islands are claimed by Vietnam and Taiwan. Formerly ruled by Romania, Moldova became part of the Soviet Union at the close of World War II. Although independent from the USSR since 1991, Russian forces have remained on Moldovan territory east of the Nistru (Dnister) River supporting the Slavic majority population, mostly Ukrainians and Russians, who have proclaimed a "Transnistria" republic. One of the poorest nations in Europe and plagued by a moribund economy, in 2001 Moldova became the first former Soviet state to elect a communist as its president.
Birth rate - 13.35 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget - revenues:
$536 million

expenditures:
$594 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)
Capital - Chisinau
Climate tropical moderate winters, warm summers
Coastline 518 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution - new constitution adopted 28 July 1994; replaces old Soviet constitution of 1979
Country name conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Paracel Islands		 conventional long form:
Republic of Moldova

conventional short form:
Moldova

local long form:
Republica Moldova

local short form:
none

former:
Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova; Moldavia
Currency - Moldovan leu (MDL)
Death rate - 12.6 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $900 million (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Rudolf Vilem PERINA

embassy:
Strada Alexei Mateevicie, #103, Chisinau 2009

mailing address:
use embassy street address; pouch address - American Embassy Chisinau, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7080

telephone:
[373] (2) 23-37-72

FAX:
[373] (2) 23-30-44
Diplomatic representation in the US - chief of mission:
Ambassador Ceslav CIOBANU

chancery:
2101 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 667-1130

FAX:
[1] (202) 667-1204
Disputes - international occupied by China, but claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam separatist Transnistria region, comprising the area between the Nistru (Dniester) River and Ukraine, has its own de facto government, dominated by Moldovan Slavs
Economic aid - recipient - $100.8 million (1995); note - $547 million from the IMF and World Bank (1992-99)
Economy - overview China announced plans in 1997 to open the islands for tourism. Moldova enjoys a favorable climate and good farmland but has no major mineral deposits. As a result, the economy depends heavily on agriculture, featuring fruits, vegetables, wine, and tobacco. Moldova must import all of its supplies of oil, coal, and natural gas, largely from Russia. Energy shortages contributed to sharp production declines after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. As part of an ambitious reform effort, Moldova introduced a convertible currency, freed all prices, stopped issuing preferential credits to state enterprises, backed steady land privatization, removed export controls, and freed interest rates. Yet these efforts could not offset the impact of political and economic difficulties, both internal and regional. In 1998, the economic troubles of Russia, by far Moldova's leading trade partner, were a major cause of the 8.6% drop in GDP. In 1999, GDP fell again, by 4.4%, the fifth drop in the past seven years; exports were down, and energy supplies continued to be erratic. GDP declined slightly in 2000, with a serious drought hurting agriculture. Growth should turn positive in 2001.
Electricity - consumption - 5.78 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 1.916 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production - 4.155 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
93.62%

hydro:
6.38%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Rocky Island 14 m		 lowest point:
Nistru (Dnister) River 2 m

highest point:
Dealul Balanesti 430 m
Environment - current issues NA heavy use of agricultural chemicals, including banned pesticides such as DDT, has contaminated soil and groundwater; extensive soil erosion from poor farming methods
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants
Ethnic groups - Moldovan/Romanian 64.5%, Ukrainian 13.8%, Russian 13%, Gagauz 3.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Bulgarian 2%, other 1.7% (1989 est.)

note:
internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region
Exchange rates - lei per US dollar - 12.3728 (January 2001), 12.4342 (2000), 10.5158 (1999), 5.3707 (1998), 4.6236 (1997), 4.6045 (1996); note - lei is the plural form of leu
Executive branch - chief of state:
President Vladimir VORONIN (since 4 April 2001)

head of government:
Prime Minister Vasile TARLEV (since 15 April 2001), three Deputy Prime Ministers: Valerian CRISTEA, Andrei CUCU, and Dmitri TODOROGLO (all since 19 April 2001)

cabinet:
selected by prime minister, subject to approval of Parliament

elections:
president elected by Parliament for a four-year term; election last held 4 April 2001; presidential elections were scheduled for December 2000, but in July 2000, Parliament canceled direct popular elections; Parliament's failure to chose a new president in December 2000 led to early parliamentary elections (moved up a year to February 2001); according to the Moldovan constitution, the president, on consulting with Parliament, will designate a candidate for the office of prime minister; within 15 days from designation, the prime minister-designate will request a vote of confidence from the Parliament regarding his/her work program and entire cabinet; prime minister designated on 15 April 2001, cabinet received vote of confidence on 19 April 2001

election results:
Vladimir VORONIN elected president; parliamentary votes - Vladimir VORONIN 71, Dumitru BRAGHIS 15, Valerian CHRISTEA 3; Vasile TARLEV elected Prime Minister; parliamentary votes of confidence - 75 of 101
Exports - $500 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities - foodstuffs 57%, wine, tobacco; textiles and footwear, machinery (1999)
Exports - partners - Russia 41%, Romania 9%, Germany 8%, Ukraine 7%, Italy, Belarus (1999)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description - same color scheme as Romania - three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow
GDP - purchasing power parity - $11.3 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
31%

industry:
35%

services:
34% (1998)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $2,500 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - -1.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 16 30 N, 112 00 E 47 00 N, 29 00 E
Geography - note composed of 130 small coral islands and reefs divided into the northeast Amphitrite Group and the western Crescent Group landlocked
Highways - total:
20,000 km

paved:
13,900 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)

unpaved:
6,100 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%:
2.7%

highest 10%:
25.8% (1992)
Illicit drugs - limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US
Imports - $761 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities - mineral products and fuel 38%, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles (1999)
Imports - partners - Russia 21%, Romania 16%, Ukraine 14%, Germany 12%, Italy 6%, Belarus (1999)
Independence - 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate - 3% (2000 est.)
Industries - food processing, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles
Infant mortality rate - 42.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 32% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - ACCT, BIS, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (1999)
Irrigated land 0 sq km (1998 est.) 3,110 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Constitutional Court (the sole authority for constitutional judicature)
Labor force - 1.7 million (1998)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 40%, industry 14%, other 46% (1998)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
1,389 km

border countries:
Romania 450 km, Ukraine 939 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)		 arable land:
53%

permanent crops:
14%

permanent pastures:
13%

forests and woodland:
13%

other:
7% (1993 est.)
Languages - Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
Legal system - based on civil law system; Constitutional Court reviews legality of legislative acts and governmental decisions of resolution; it is unclear if Moldova accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction but accepts many UN and Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) documents
Legislative branch - unicameral Parliament or Parlamentul (101 seats; parties and electoral blocs, as well as independent candidates, elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PCM 50.1%, Braghis Alliance 13.4%, PPCD 8.2%, other parties 28.3%; seats by party - PCM 71, Braghis Alliance 19, PPCD 11
Life expectancy at birth - total population:
64.6 years

male:
60.15 years

female:
69.26 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
96%

male:
99%

female:
94% (1989 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
Map references Southeast Asia Commonwealth of Independent States
Maritime claims NA none (landlocked)
Military - note occupied by China -
Military branches - Ground Forces, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $6 million (FY99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 1% (FY99)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,164,018 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
921,210 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
42,268 (2001 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 27 August (1991)
Nationality - noun:
Moldovan(s)

adjective:
Moldovan
Natural hazards typhoons landslides (57 cases in 1998)
Natural resources none lignite, phosphorites, gypsum, arable land
Net migration rate - -0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - natural gas 310 km (1992)
Political parties and leaders - Braghis Alliance [Dumitru BRAGHIS]; Popular Christian Democratic Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Communist Party or PCM [Vladimir VORONIN, first chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered Chinese garrisons (July 2002 est.)		 4,431,570 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line - 75% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate - 0.05% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island being expanded none
Radio broadcast stations - AM 7, FM 50, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios - 3.22 million (1997)
Railways - total:
1,328 km

broad gauge:
1,328 km 1.520-m gauge (1992)
Religions - Eastern Orthodox 98.5%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist (only about 1,000 members) (1991)
Sex ratio - at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.59 male(s)/female

total population:
0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment:
inadequate, outmoded, poor service outside Chisinau, some effort to modernize is under way

domestic:
new subscribers face long wait for service; mobile cellular telephone service being introduced

international:
service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik
Telephones - main lines in use - 627,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 2,200 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (plus 30 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain mostly low and flat rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
Total fertility rate - 1.67 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - 1.9% (includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of underemployed workers) (November 2000)
Waterways none 424 km (1994)
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